Code before:
depicts Confucius Music Education outlined picture, no not to admire the modern teaching and learning was a good atmosphere.
class today, we still hear read aloud, but we see more exam-oriented education in the fight under the weight of fatigue students, and the great-toting teachers of academic pressure.
when to share knowledge for the purpose of this study on the efficiency of the success achieved at the same time, it is human nature as the cost of the damage.
as Tao Mr. Xingzhi assertion: Mr. mm dead people die first, students with death! I will do this program, finishing the manuscript, published in full here.
】 【current topic of education is to prepare for life's current chair】 【
Yong Yang
】 【current guests Tung Ping of Beijing Institute of Education Sciences Professor
【director】 Ni Hui director's notes: education, we lose what
body】 【
Recently, a site in China held its first health survey of college students The results can not be happy. in college students surveyed, nearly Qicheng said less than 7% of people think he is very happy.
According to another survey conducted in Beijing, students depression prevalence rate of 23.66%, less than 10 million people. have serious psychological problems increased year by year the proportion of college students trend.
only in 2008, mainland China directly under the State College Students to 63 suicides occurred, together with non-directly under the university in 2008, the number of students has reached hundreds of suicide.
Zhou Yong: Why do you think that highly educated group of people, and his mental health is such a structure, education, what has gone wrong?
Yang Dongping: in our exam-oriented education in the overall environment, young people's health, mental health situation more decline, with his height and weight indicator is the opposite in many ways this can be seen. This can not be said for many years with us on this utilitarian education, we have long, one-sided emphasis on education as a human resource development of this economic function, or functional, to train engineers, technicians, doctors, lawyers, and to cultivate an educated person, a moral person, a sense of social responsibility, and this side is actually very weak.
Yang Dongping: education in the real life, from primary school, both parents or teachers, only one thing of concern is the examination, the quality of our education, has greatly alienation, is no longer our tradition of educating people to the tree as a core human value, but the pursuit of test scores, certificates, which gave him a practical consequence of these educational benefits.
Yang Dongping: our six years of education, In this training goal, there have been two major turning point, that is, the planned economy in the fifties and the era of class struggle, on the one hand, or highly politicized, that is, more emphasis on the ideological This training, called the training was the slogan of the successors of the socialist cause, it is mainly to prevent the peaceful evolution, from the perspective of the.
Zhou Yong: put ideology on the front?
Yang Dongping: education is highly politicized, then the education to do when the Cultural Revolution, to the extent reached a pinnacle, because it was in 1958 proposed an educational policy, called : He is called both red and expert, comprehensive development, but we know that in this planning system, and political pressure, it's the actual training of students, is a another standard, called honest, obedient, capable not I think this is very accurate and put in the fifties, a good student at that time the standard of his personality type, in fact, this is relatively tame compared to obey the leadership that is, it would not be able to do some work But he left we are talking about creative people, reform oriented, innovative people say, all is not the same.
Yang Dongping: So after it in the eighties, we have experienced is the order out of chaos, so In 1985 the education system after it, or in the early eighties, when the Cultural Revolution to change the kind before the end of this teaching too political objectives, to propose a new education policy, called the education must serve economic construction services, economic development must support education, which means that the education service of the proletariat, this object converted a moment, turn into economic construction, then this is indeed a major step forward, is from the service of politics, into the economic development services, but this is a limited progress, because we just talked about the goal of education is definitely not just for the cultivation of economic development professionals, it also has some of the more basic, more important, more profound function is to raise the quality of the whole nation, is not it, that heritage and that culture of innovation, promote social justice, promote social integration, or the first is to train qualified citizens of a modern society, the goal of experts than training a much more important. < br> Yang Dongping: Because we will see, we may develop even before a lot of experts in their fields, but the basis of our civilization in the community level, in the end is to improve or backward, this is the need to draw a question mark.
Yang Dongping: From the service of politics to serve the economy, and now the new target has been raised, and called people-oriented, that is, the development of human services, especially education, that is people-oriented education, and emphasized Education is a people's livelihood and career, not only to achieve national objectives, but also to millions of households, care for every child grow up healthy and well-being,
Zhou Yong: So If we are to say to people-oriented to achieve this goal of this education , then we present the various concepts of education, educational ideas, what should be some kind of change?
Yang Dongping: The most important goal is a culture, we eighties a more popular since a reference to it , called the train builders and successors of the socialist cause, in fact it is the continuation of the fifties and sixties some of the references, and then increase the eighties for economic development, called the builders and successors. but we just mentioned, both builders and successors, for a description of the function of education is more one-sided, and today we have implemented a comprehensive education, has gone beyond that kind of minority political culture of this chemical Therefore, so the successors of this slogan, and now the reality has not adapted.
Yang Dongping: for example, that the family is Christian or Buddhist, it is counted as successor. so builders , that is, he was too biased towards the value of human resources, to the neglect of human development, human culture, we believe that instead of such a formulation, one of the best thing to do, is called the training of qualified citizens of the socialist society is citizens with the goal of training to replace the builders and successors of such reference.
Zhou Yong: So the difference between citizens and builders of the successors where?
Yang Dongping: Civil society is a modern basic, behavioral norms, quality of civilization, but also that of his professional ability, is the ability of their own, to others, socially responsible, is a foundation of civilization and the basic personality of a shape, this training with that one is the one-sided economic talents, the concept is very different.
Zhou Yong: You talk about the concept of citizenship, I think we often say, in the past say a word, called the comprehensive development of virtue, wisdom, labor, then If Labour is to achieve the comprehensive development of virtue, wisdom, and it is our goal has been previously, is not that meet your requirements that citizens?
Yang Dongping: we have long advocated the development of a comprehensive education policy, comprehensive development, in itself is not wrong, that is, the old ideal of mankind, whether it is from that of ancient Greece or the Renaissance, the pursuit of this, educated people, all-powerful people, is a dream of mankind, then Marx also his educational ideals, said the comprehensive development of this culture, free and full development of human beings, but we know that this is a high ideal, then the primary and secondary schools with the highest ideal, or the education of our daily between there is a huge gap.
Zhou Yong: may be present in terms of it, is a very distant future things.
Yang Dongping: he would create a development called the average, that is, before the Cultural Revolution called dim fifth, which is a good student, which is called comprehensive development, in fact, the average development of the concept of comprehensive development with very different, then a fifth of the students in this hazy, sometimes called the mediocre will form a development is honest and just said listen, not ability.
Yang Dongping: So we look at the culture around the world that education policy, especially when we are facing an international market competition in this era of comprehensive development of more than valuable, more targeted a slogan called character development, because the market economy is mainly built on the vitality and creativity of the individual above, but in the overall development of this policy, in our fifties and sixties the process of implementing it , it actually forms a kind of personality development of a depression, is that it is clear that the personality development of a bourgeois ideas, the educational value of socialism is to, can only be fully developed, so.
Week Yong: a comprehensive development which in fact is the development of a mold.
Yang Dongping: So we have a very long time, is no character development, and that a person has personality, is not encouraged. so we will see a very interesting reality, emerging today in every walk of life, or some successful people are often among the school year, not well received, and not not wait to see, or the lower middle or middle- partial, that is not a word at school.
Zhou Yong: does not meet the requirements of comprehensive development.
Yang Dongping: not a good student of the school, because he has a personality, he is sometimes is to have personality, a personality, so he sometimes would disobedience, will be telling their own stories, access to education is not easy to praise, but such people, he finally achieved more easily in society. So in today's new social development environment, we should be very clear emphasis on the development of human personality, so I think a comparison, I advocate a new formulation called attention to the personality development of students and coordination of development, as are the coordinated development and personal development can provide , they can pursue a comprehensive development is a distant ideal.
Zhou Yong: But If we are to achieve this change, then we need to do now what kind of education adjustment?
Yang Dongping: that if we really to encourage personality development of students as an educational approach, we evaluated a lot of education, the teaching process should be a corresponding change occurs, that is, we should not re-use large monolithic and uniform criteria to evaluate all the only students, but the so-called called individualized, personal, differential treatment, that is, every student should be encouraged to Advantage, and not to succumb to every student, we have done similar, the concept is not the same.
get up at 5 am every day, 7:30 start on the first class, after dinner is going to night classes and continuing to 23 points, 18 hours a day studying, running kilometers, the examination turns on stage makeup Students should be graded according to examination results. This is one of Henan Province in China a model of quality education in secondary schools high school life.
life in such a study, girls Xiaobei unbearable, from the 5-storey teaching jumping stand upstairs. and when Xiao Bei surgery in the hospital, while another third year school girl fainted in the classroom. In the previous December 15, 2008, and Xiao Bei sudden death of a boy the same year in the classroom. no less than 20 students there aspects of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were pulled to hospital for treatment.
Yang Dongping: We are now the primary and secondary education, which is shrouded in such an atmosphere of such examination-oriented education, social , government, parents, students, admissions rates are based on the evaluation as the main, I think up to now, so went to the head, is the need for turning to the need to correct this one-sided pursuit of further education rate, one-sided pursuit of the examination results, so an evaluation, then the college entrance examination reform that we put inside the system, of which one is the entrance application socialization, is the entrance of the students, high school students in the college entrance examination results, the evaluation with complete decoupling of high school, completed high school as long as your high school academic achievement, through the high school examinations, your mission is complete.
Yang Dongping: So I evaluate your usual high school level, is that you, your school through the high level of passing the What is the rate, if 100% qualified, then the best, if it is 80% of the qualified, you have to improve, is not it. and then what the school on a good school, regardless of the evaluation with the high school, a student of personal choice, which can to high school some sort of relief, that is, not fall into the high schools makes this one-sided pursuit of further studies to evaluate the rate among this year to start as of Shandong, is very effective, high school principal put the freed teachers, because Not only are students now very tired, very tired teacher, under immense pressure.
Zhou Yong: So talking about this just now in the training objectives, we are now is to train successors for example, training the builders, then the this it brings about our education, like the kind of professional setting, so these are what kind of problems there?
Yang Dongping: To compare the utilitarian goal of this training, and causing our entire education among the utilitarian reality this tendency, that is, we like that too much emphasis on math, English, computer, professional skills, the tools of the education, skills of education, and for the cultivation of personality, shape, the culture heritage, sentiments of the mold, relative neglect of these things are, and whether in general education or higher education which, of course, we know that these things are in fact the most important value of education, because those specific skills, specific skills, will soon be out of date, so Einstein's famous remark is not to say that he is talking about education, he said the school teach you everything you forgot, the rest is that education is the person's personality, habits, attitudes, values, and these things, but those things which we are now relatively neglected schools.
with the rise of industrial civilization and science in Western countries form a knowledge and scientific system in accordance with different categories, progressive approach to organizing teaching.
20 century, Dewey led the American Progressive Education Movement, identified the ; subject oriented education to the majority of the people, that is, that education is preparation for life, and his the idea, and now our disciplines, tools, such a concept, the biggest difference is in what place?
Yang Dongping: China is still a knowledge-centered teaching to classroom education as the center, so a school model, and in many countries, this about a hundred years after such a baptism of modern education, it has to prepare an education for life, that is, young people grow up around the actual needs of the holding colorful, is due to the growth of people's education, so why in most countries, countries like Japan, it is to the high school, high school, for boys, girls, home economics courses should be open , must learn cooking, nutrition, clothing these things, it is to, this is the purpose of education, not only to train people to further their studies and examinations, but also to train future wives and husbands, able to adapt to the future family life, These capabilities are, should be included in the cause of education.
Zhou Yong: You just put this theory of John Dewey, including a hundred years of this practice, known as a modern education, then the current education in mainland China, If compared with modern education, is in a position of what?
Yang Dongping: my personal assessment that it is in a pre-modern state, or before the twentieth century is equivalent to that school education, If more bluntly, is the imperial tradition in the contemporary revival and strengthening, it is basically a test for the center, in order to test and the scores of the education, basically away from human development, personality mold, the goal this way, it is a defiant education is a tool of utilitarian education.
20 century, 30 years, since studies in the U.S. returned the Tao will be Dewey's ; theory to promote in China. He will live education is defined as School Zhou Yong: the thirties when the Tao has also been living in China to promote the education, then why but in that era, we then back out?
Yang Dongping: Indeed, in the Republic of China, especially in Fourth, the growth of modern education in China and the United States is basically synchronous, because it was John Dewey came to China, not made a famous lecture tour, when the mainstream of China's new education, called the Life Education, the educational preparation for life , Children's Center, these values are well known at the time, is an educational ABC, everyone knows, but the education process of enlightenment of modern education, was later suspended, including the war, especially after the age of fifty , Sino-US relations because of the bad blood after the Korean War, so Dewey's criticism, involving a negative and critical of the Tao.
Yang Dongping: So since then, Dewey's educational system, educational philosophy, including ceramic line known theory, disappeared in the mainland, has been since the eighties, only to re-appear, so this is an interrupted enlightenment, this is my personal opinion, this is the modernization of education to make up a lesson This lesson is not completed yet, so today we hear that children's center, knowledge based, and what student government, very strange,
Zhou Yong: So how can the now look at seventy years should be continued on the development of the former?
Yang Dongping: re to face our educational problems facing our educational history is that the fill had to make up on, is not around the past.
Yong : So now, the moment can start to do, where do you think?
Yang Dongping: So I think this round of education reform in which it, the aims of education, the educational value of such adjustments and changes In fact there have been, just mentioned, because countries have put forward a new people-oriented values, so he will definitely be in the field of education, performance, another reason is because the whole of China's education has entered a comprehensive education, universal education times, so he era of elite education with the past is any part-time around a small number of students, that is, after all, that era is over, now what can the vast majority of education, higher education enrollment opportunities are also very much.
Yang Dongping: So is that most people face the need to gradually adapt to a greater degree of selectivity through education, to meet the different needs of different people, this trend is unstoppable, but also we are dealing with for the future of education, we must face.
Zhou Yong: In fact, this popularity is that education, popular, providing an opportunity.
Yang Dongping: Right, so to promote the democratization of education, personality of the selectivity, diversity, this is a trend.
Zhou Yong: We adjourned to the education of this kind of a modern tradition, we have the greatest resistance is possible in any place, not just that those in power made a slogan, we will be able to quickly change, the greatest difficulty will be where?
Yang Dongping: People often by cultural traditions and social policies, such as the traditional civil service examinations, the examination is the Chinese people superstition, and that on the score, on intellectual education, this way this quest is this, this mode of education that is deeply rooted and require a process of change. another does, we think that the education community in the present , and the one-child policy, have all contributed to the pursuit of such a high level of education, thereby exacerbating the pressure on school education, that is, that one, so the overall shape of a social reality, its cause, is not entirely education itself and the concept of pure nature, there are some external, is beyond the power of education, so this change, that is, the modernization of education, it must be a total transformation, not to say that education by itself, or a small group of advanced ideas and consciousness of people to complete, but the spread of educational theory and construction of a new education or enlightenment, of course, is also very important.
Yang Dongping: How real is such a mighty force to break, Now this is how to break this pattern of examination-oriented education, to change this mighty force in single of this predicament, then the fact the options and prospects are very clear, that is, learning to build a life-long education of the education change this one-time entrance is on the impact of life so important, if a, if you build a more open and flexible education system, a person can be among the different stages of life, according to his need to choose to accept the actual different education. or that he left high school, he worked for five years, or work a decade later, he still has access to higher education, you can change the time of college entrance examination, the importance of it, is to construct a lifelong education and learning of a learning society in the education system, then this goal, now brought up, but just said, in such a cultural environment in China is to achieve this transformation, it is quite difficult , but this goal should be clearer.
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